“To what extent does American film/ Tv institutions use the vampire genre  (through texts such as ‘Twilight’ and ‘the vampire diaries’ to target younger audiences?”

keyword	Synonym 1	Synonym 2	Synonym 3
Vampire genre	Thwarted desire	Forbidden love	Modern day romance
Young audiences	identification	subcultures	Teenage desire
Binary oppostion	Human vs. immortal	Nature vs. man made	Vampires vs. werewolf
American institutions	CBS	Warner bros	CW

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Source: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~elektra/thesis.html

              http://forums.syfy.com/index.php?showtopic=2295352

location: http://news.ku.dk/all_news/2012/2012.5/vampires_give_danish_teenagers_a_taste_for_spirituality/

site: http://www.monsterlibrarian.com/vampiresya.htm

in url: www.examiner.com/article/vampire-wars-waged-box-office-gross-outs

In title: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampires_in_popular_culture

Filetype: www.tc.umn.edu/~rbeach/teachingmedia/print/module7.doc

3 BBC news night articles

·         http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20284124

George Entwistle resigns as BBC director general.

·         http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/nov/10/bbc-crisis-george-entwistle-resigns

BBC in crisis as George Entwistle quits over news night fiasco.

·         http://www.newstatesman.com/staggers/2012/11/bbcs-director-general-george-entwistle-resigns-over-newsnight-mistakes

·         BBC’s director-general, George Entwistle, resigns over news night mistake.

Summary

·         Entwistle (BBC’s director general) resigned after making a mistake of the allegations of the child abuse occurring in a care home in North Wales. At 9pm, patten (The trust chairman) said that it was ‘unacceptable shoddy’, but that Entwistle represented ‘courage’ as he stepped down from his Duties. On the 9^th of November, the BBC gave their sincere apologies at wrongly accusing Lord McAlphine. Whilst, the actual victim- Steve Messham actually identified that it wasn’t McAlphine but another man.

Enwistle stated: ‘In the light of the fact that the Director-General is also the Editor-in-Chief and ultimately responsible for all content; and in the light of the unacceptable journalistic standards of the Newsnight film broadcast on Friday 2nd November; I have decided that the honourable thing to do is to step down from the post of Director-General’.

My opinion: Personally I believe that the BBC had gotten their facts right before they made these accusations. To be honest, I believe Entwistle became so excited with this news and wanted to make a public outbreak within the first few days of his post, that he didn’t actually think through this predicament logically. However, I also do believe that he did the right thing about accepting he was wrong and stepping down from his post as it brings less of a negative representation of the BBC and to him.

Media extended response

A negative representation is better than no representation at all

Due to the London riots that happened on the 7^th of November 2011, a rampage started where rioters took to the streets, supposedly in the name of the banishing of Ema and of the death of Mark Duggan. This then resulted with severe consequences as recently rioters have been sentenced for imprisonment for over 1.800 years, the average custodial sentence being 16.8 months, roughly more than four times the average term that has been handed down the magistrates. Editors became ecstatic with the idea of being able to conjure up the next biased article, or being given the chance to reinforce the negative representation that we have of young people today. After all the custodial sentences, CCTV camera footages, BBC news updates, Tweeting and BBMing, the issue no longer became about the serious prospects it started with, but the media represented thousands of Greedy primitive people, eyeing up the closest Nike trainers, Swarovski diamond  and earrings or the latest Selfridges handbags. Although some of these deluders probably get a kick out of seeing their face headlined under ‘rioters go wild’, they don’t realize this infamous representation has caused loss of reputation and jobs, reinforcement of racism within society. Not to mention the disappointment from helpless parents who once thought they had brought their children up better than this.

Firstly, negative representations weren’t only aimed at stereotypical unemployed youths, but also Shonola Smith, a 22 old model who admittingly helped take part in the looting of an Argos store in Croydon. To reinforce the representation of her status, editors made sure that her photograph took a quarter of an A4 page. In comparison to the other looters who owned miniature represented photographs, enveloping the corners of the tabloid and broadsheet newspapers. Shonola’s photograph represents a medium shot of her laying down on her front, facing towards us, resting upon one hand. Whilst, her bare legs are shown crossed behind her, allowing men to voyeur upon her femininity revealing clothing (Laura Mulvey). The slip of her elegant baby pink dress rests on grass as she look at the audience with direct mode of address. The first impression the audience gets from her image, without looking at the headline on the right hand side, would be an advertisement of a new young model. Irony has probably favored the evening standards further as she is represented in girly colours, appearing very innocent and lady-like. Yet, we then don’t realize that she’s the exact opposite (Levi Strauss- Binary opposition) as she has taken part in a crime, affecting all of London’s society. The editors may have used this representation to connote and pose a threat that not everyone appears as they may seem. Whilst, informing audiences (Blumler &Katz) that youths have been given a choice of a good career but at the end of the day, they are the ones that ruin it. This image has not only given reinforcement of how society’s stereotypes youths today, but also how race has been stereotyped within the media. For years, women have strived to be accepted as equal to the white population (putting on their white masks), in the modeling industry. Yet, the editor allows us to capture that proud moment when we see this black female taking more of a dominant role in society. Then manipulating and syringing (hypodermic model) the audience into feeling disappointment and shock, by the way she has degraded herself, giving writers like Dewsbury’ a way to claim that Black people can’t be involved with middle class jobs. Shonola’s representation has probably not only cost her, her career, but has also probably given her modeling agency a negative representation too, further displaying just how ungrateful people can be.

Some may argue that the reinforcement of stereotypical views of black people was probably one of the most troubling issues that evoked the results of the London riots as one of the main causes was due to the death of black youth- Mark Duggan. However, this can then be argued that instead of honoring his death by proving to the police and society that the stereotype is wrong, further showing that they are not ‘decilized’ (fanon), they reinforced these ideologies by giving editors a chance to focus on the negative representations of them. Within most of the images of the looting, Black people had been the main foreground in nearly every single image. An example of this is headlined, alongside 10 miniature images of ‘Trouble in the hood’ as Kevin Braddock says: ‘How did a comfy, utilarian item of clothing become the ultimate symbol of exclusion and menace?’ The images then represent the individual images of black boys in hoodies, reinforcing Alvarado’s theory of ‘danger’. Whilst, also allowing audiences to identify themselves with. A good example of this is the second image where a hooded boy is communicating with his friends on the left. He is represented to be holding a long pole in his hand. The fire behind him, the Policeman’s silhouette and the lifeless body underneath him, firmly screams out the preferred reading of danger. Yet, the oppositional reading could suggest the policeman’s lack of power over the youths, ‘primitising’ them. Another representation is the image where most of the hooded figures are silhouetted and shadowed in black, further creating enigma (Barthes).Yet, also making the figures seem mysterious by the black cloths around their mouths. We could then connote this as being a sign that they don’t want to be represented within the media because of the shame of being identified. Other examples include groups of black boys in hoods, hands gesturing, which could then be connoted as very intimidating, reinforcing the stereotypes of youths within today’s society.

Lastly, no representation is better than negative representation as the disappointment of parents led to them escorting their youngsters down the police station. An example of this is the medium shot image of a black girl slashing out because as she’s been arrested in the police station. The way she’s not looking with direct mode of address could further connote here embarrassment and how she’s unwilling to be identified. This can be considered ironic as this hasn’t helped her as her own mother identified her to the police. However, this can similarly be connoted by the small icon of a black girl in tracksuit jacket covering her face. The medium side shot of the girl captures her in an unflattering pose as her white top rolls up, exposing a bit of her tummy. Editors could have used this as a way to humor the negative representation of her, syringing (hypodermic model) the audiences that this representation of them leads to consequences by the media, by making a mockery out of them.  This has also been used with a close up of image of a black persons face on the left making a face. This could then link to Alvarado’s theory of humour, but also link to Fanon’s theory of ‘decilizing’ and ‘primitising’ the black people.  However, Said’s theory of the uncivilised and civilised can be opposed as theirs a black police officer in the background. This then can subverts Dewsbury’s opinion on Black people failing to form into a middle class background. Whilst, also subverting to how black people are represented in society, as the police officer is actually doing good to society. On the left hand side, a proper image of a mixed race girl is conveyed as a way to identify her. Headlines have informed the audience (Blumler&Katz), that her mother was the one to give her to the police. This then subverts the idea that parenting supervision and authority was one of the problems that resulted in the riots. This represents a sense of responsibility and that parents also care about discipline and keeping London safe. The way the mother is represented as black subverts the stereotypical representations of them being ‘uncivilized’ and shows that discipline can be evoked by anyone of any race. Whilst, showing that morals is a part of today’s society.

In conclusion, I personally believe that no representation is better than a negative representation as these negative representations has led to people worldwide being able to negative represent people and the atmosphere in London. They have shamed our country, by giving us a bad name, whilst, reinforcing stereotypes of youths and race in within today’s society. As a result of this, they have already given themselves a bad reputation which will lead to barriers for them In the future.

• What kind of representation of young Londoners can you find?

v  Within the article of the of the ‘young looters co-ordinate raids via twitter and Blackberry’, mini images of the looters fill the sides of the article. Four distinct images have been shown from four different parts of London. The editors have used this to exaggerate the extent of the riots covering the whole of London. The first image represents a black girl sitting on a Curry’s television, with her hands tied behind her back and being held by a policeman. Neither are looking with direct mode of address, but the girl has a rather bored look captured on her face.  This could then reinforce Alvarado’s dangerous black stereotype by the intimidation that can be connoted from the image. However, this could also reinforce Fanon’s idea of Decilizing the black. The girl is represented all in black, but the most enigmatic aspect of her jacket is the Curry symbol on it. The fact that she has stolen from a place she has worked at, makes this seem more horrific, further giving viewers to represent how youths have no respect for their elders or society as you would think they would want to protect the place they work rather the destruct it. Nevertheless, theirs also a distinct differentiation between the colours of both people within the image. The police are represented as being of a white Caucasian background. This could then further connote Edward Said’s theory of the civilised vs. the uncivilised by the way that in society, the white are represented within the media then the Black. Status can also be connoted as a large importance as the girl is represented to be working in retail, whereas, the white guy is represented to be a policeman, further reinforcing Dewsbury’s opinion that Black people can’t have a proper middle class job. Their’s also then a sense of binary opposition between these two people (Levi Strauss) as although she isn’t considered higher then him within society, her colour makes her seem more intimidating then the policeman in uniform. Broken glass then envelopes the background, which ultimately reinforces and connotes the havoc displayed. Within the media, this then links well with the representations of the black stereotype being Decilized and being considered as dangerous. This can be ultimately reinforced by many of these images within the article as a majority of them represent black youths being caught red-handed or being taken by the police.

Another image on a double spread uses similar representations to the smaller images. However, these images are clearly bigger and actually identify many individuals that took part in the riots. An example of this is the big middle centred image of a black girl lashing out as she’s been arrested in the police station. Her lack of mode of address whilst the white officer is looking at her, could connote her shame. Whilst, giving an oppositional reading of her not wanting to be identified, this being ironic considering her own mother identified her. However, this can similarly be connoted by the small icon of a black girl in tracksuit jacket covering her face.The medium side shot of the girl captures her in an unflattering stance as her white top rolls up, exposing a bit of her tummy. This has also been used with a close up of image of a black persons face on the left making a face. This could then link to Alvarado’s theory of humour, but also link to Fanon’s theory of decilizing and primitising the black people.  However, Said’s theory of the uncivilised and civilised can be opposed as theirs a black police officer in the background. This then subverts Dewsbury’s opinion on Black people failing to form into a middle class background. Whilst, also subverting to how black people are represented in society, as the police officer is actually doing good to society. On the left hand side, a proper image of a mixed race girl is conveyed as a way to identify her. Headlines have informed the audience (Blumler&Katz), that her mother was the one to give her to the police. This then subverts the idea that parenting supervision and authority was one of the problems that resulted in the riots. This represents a sense of responsibility and that parents also care about discipline and keeping London safe. Whilst, subverting to the ideas of Black people as being decilized.

Postmodernism and its critiques

·         Postmodernity means development within society. Critics say: “after modernity, referring to the incipient or actual dissolution of those social forms associated with modernity" (This theory was made by Sarup 1993).

·         Baudrillard also said that society must come to terms with the ‘second revolution’, and “that Twentieth Century, of postmodernity, which is the immense process of the destruction of meaning equal to the earlier destruction of appearances. Whoever lives by meaning dies by meaning"

·         Ryan Bishop, in a concise article in the ‘Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology’ (1996), defines post-modernism as a diverse movement that originates in aesthetics, architecture and philosophy.

·          Postmodernism rejected the modernist passion for the new society. Whilst, rejecting tradition by going "where no man has gone before". Modernism was formed to explore the possibilities and a never ending search for individuality.

10 key words

·         Second revolution

·         Modernism

·         Development within society

·         Period of western culture

·         Aesthetics. Architecture and philosophy

·         New society

·         Diverse movement

·         Search for individuality

·         After modernity

·         Later nineteenth century, early twentieth century

·         postmodernism

   

             http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/nov/09/google-services-blocked-china-gmail

Google services blocked in China

Google has said that some of its online services have been blocked within China after the country’s one in a decade meeting to transfer power to a new generation. Ben Quinn informs the audience that Traffic’s services in China dropped dramatically on Friday evening, after the ‘Transparency Report” (that is operated by Google, measuring the traffic sites worldwide.  Quinn says that some of Google’s search engines that were affected were engines such as Gmail. The spokeswomen for Google said that they have “checked and there’s nothing wrong on our end”.

Nonetheless, Quinn uses a timeline of Google’s interlink with China to show the full extent of what is being blocked by the transfer of power. An example of these are how YouTube’s video service has been blocked and made ‘inaccessible in china since 2009” and how even in 2010 Google was  repositioned from China to Hong Kong after they had a political argument ‘over censorship and cyber-attacks’ that were said to have initiated within China.

Overall, Google has said that in May (of this year), it will be changing its search service within China to make sure that they warn users when they are ‘likely to trigger interference from the authorities and suggest ways around censorship.’

In My Opinion

In my Opinion, I believe that China has gone too far, using its dictatorship as a way of taking control of the citizens in china. We’ve always been aware that China has an excessive amount of control over the internet but blocking Google, (the most popular search engine) seems like a drastic action. I believe it’s a good idea to keep track of the usage via the internet as a safety precaution against explicit documents and terrorism. Yet, by taking it too far, creates a distinct differentiation between china and the rest of the world, and soon enough something has to give

Posted 2 days ago by niemah

1. What kind of representations of young Londoners can you find?
2. Can you link them to any media theory?
3. How might you use these texts in an exam answer?

A negative representation is better than no representation at all. Discuss this statement with reference to the group or place you have studied.

The  representation of young people within the london riots have been portrayed negatively through the portrayal of moving image and print platforms. Throughout all these representations their seems to be a distinct pattern on images that have been shown, enveloping the corners of the broadsheet and tabloid newspapers. All of the shots of the 'looters' are stereotypically portrayed as Black (Fanon). Whilst the police force all seem to be white.

Mr. Bush’s media work

Working title

To what extent do American institutions of vampire genres (e.g. Twilight and vampire diaries) use codes and conventions as a way to target enigmatic younger audiences?

Angle

How is the influence of these supernatural vampire genres on the audience becoming so popular? Why is Blumler & Katz uses and gratifications theory specifically connects with these younger audiences?

Hypothesis

Vampire genres have the ability to attract younger audiences because of the modernized codes and conventions, and the power and the fantasy a love story has on a potential female audience.

Linked production piece

Two short clips of the disruptions of vampire diaries and Twilight (moving image).

MIGRAIN

Media language

• Darker lighting creates enigma (e.g. key lighting and top lighting- silhouettes/ glamour/ making face whiter.
• Iconic props for danger- daggers, bullets, knifes, blood- also creates enigma.
• Costumes- Males costumes more dominating, use of black to convey intimidation and stereotypes them as the typical ‘bad boy’. Yet, females (such as the damsel in distress – Todorov) wear lighter colors to reinforce their innocence and vulnerability.
• Star appeal is important as it allows audiences to familiarize themselves with the characters. Protagonists vs. antagonists always conveyed as the most important. Antagonists always conveyed as foreign.
• Setting- is always in a murky place in America. (E.g. mystical falls, Manhattan/ forks. Always dull, never much sunlight (also creates enigma.)

Institution

·         Institutions are most generally combined.

Vampire diaries- The CW network, warner Bros and CBS Corporation.

Twilight saga- Summit entertainment and lion’s gate.

·         Both texts originate from books/ Stephanie Meyers and L,j smith. Gives way for product placement, whilst advertises and reinforces both the films and books.

·         Mainly younger audience demographics

Vampire diaries- 18-34 audience.

Twilight saga – 12-30 audience (but slightly changes, depending on the film. (Can be further emphasized by the certificate of the movie).

·         Twilight is targeted globally as it’s conveyed as a ‘nationalistic’ film and has displayed a world cinema. Vampire diaries is also popular as it is shown on The Cw who then took partnership with Itv2. Whilst, it’s easily downloadable online.

·         Audience psychographic- vampire diaries and twilight- explorers (as targets younger audiences) and aspirers.

·         Directors- Twilight saga – Twilight- (Catherine Hardwicke), New moon- (Chris Weitz), Eclipse- (David Slade)

Vampire diaries- Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec.

Genre

·         The vampire diaries genres – Drama/ Fantasy/ Horror

·         Twilight- Fantasy/ Romance.

·         Codes and conventions of Horror- (angles) extreme close ups, tilt, tracking, handheld, Point of view. Atmospheric settings, Dark Music, good plot, the antagonist has a pattern in the way they work or kill, good vs. evil  montage editing, lead character usually slays the antagonist.

·         Codes and conventions of Fantasy films- mystical creatures (e.g. vampires, fairies, dragons), trailer appears dreamlike, dark and mysterious- isolation, modern world is dependent on the mystical one, short snippets of action, lots of dissolves, fade in and out black cuts, dramatic music.

·         Codes and conventions of dramas- The Structure- to grab the audience’s attention and makes the audience become emotionally attached. Have to include climaxes and anti-climaxes. Lots of peaks and troths in the storyline, character must be easily accessible, form of realization at the end, relationships, realistic story lines, some form of journey and a happy ever after.

Representation

• Traditional values- vampires (outdated, go by traditional values), the way no sex before marriage, men has to always be the protector.
• Todorov props characters- Twilight/ vampire diaries- protagonist/damsel in distress- Kristin Stewart/ Nina Dobrev. Antagonist- Klaus/ the volturi/ the hunters. Helpers- the main vampires. Antagonists always foreign.
• Sexual and heterosexual ideologies- male gaze and female gaze. What impact it has on the audience. (E.g. protagonist always seen as the price, desirable.)
• Representations of themes- vulnerability, loss, love, emotional attachment, sex.
• The protagonists always get hurt in some sense.

Audience

·         Audience demographics, C1.C2

·         Survivors- in relation to protagonist’s character.

·         Uses and Gratification theory (Blumler &Katz) Informing the audience of recent happenings and information on characters, educated about the different between the humane and inhumane, escapism from reality, entertained- Humorous (Alvarado’s theory), Self-identification, with characters, aspiring to be like them.

·         Star appeal and the identification of the

·         Lean forward and back ward Medias. Leaning forward and consuming the information then reproducing their own. (E.g. Fan sites, Articles, trailers, spoofs etc.)

·          

Ideology

·         Ideologies link well with my vampire genre because of heterosexual ideologies conveyed between the characters. The patriarchy governed by the men’s dominance and sexual intimidation towards the women. There are also matriarchal ideologies by the transitions of the humane women turning into immortal vampires (e.g. Candice Accola in The vampire diaries and Kristen Stewart in the twilight Breaking dawn part 1).

Narrative

Equilibrium, disruption, attempt to repair, restoration.

• Narrative mostly has enigma and action at the beginning or action in the middle and a cliffhanger.
• Climaxes always contained at the beginning. Around three in each episode and all the way through the ending.
• Always follows the protagonist’s point of view, feel emotion from the protagonist’s point of view.
• Always in the same setting, but various accidents within setting.

Issues /Debates

Issue and debates – codes and conventions of the vampire genre and how it directly appeals to a younger audience.

Representations and stereotyping

·         The exploration of characters and stereotyping them using Todorov’s character typing theory.

·         The expected stereotyping of the audience. (E.g. forbidden love, action. Etc.)

·         Representations of good vs. evil within the genre.

·         Stereotyping using clamps (costume, lighting, actors, makeup, props and settings). Mainly applies to actors and how they will be stereotyped on what they wear and how they act.

·         The representations on what the vampire genre has on the audience (Why has it become so popular).

·         Self-identification and aspirations the audience will have on the characters (leading to start appeal- Blumer &Katz)

·         Representations on the horror, fantasy and supernatural drama.

Media effects

·         The hypodermic model- how the institutions are syringing fake messages into audiences, extracting emotion and terror. Vampire genre, gives the audience something to hold on to – love. We watch it because of the unrealistic love that many young teens desire. Gives the audience a sense of escapism and allows them to dream and conjure up their own love fantasy for themselves.

·         Moral panic- the feeling that the protagonists life is out of control during the disruption compared to the equilibrium and how a life can be threatened by lack of choice.

·         Uses and gratifications (Blumler & Katz) - The vampire genre allows a sense of escapism because of the unrealistic fantastical references. Whilst, being entertained and aspiring to be like the characters within the moving image.

·         Reception theory- What the audiences do to the media- Within the vampire genre they soak up the information then use this to create their own lean forward media (e.g., fan blogs and pages.)

Media technology and revolution

Media technology is a very important aspect of the vampire genre as it’s used as a way to differentiate classic horror from the modern day sophisticated horror. An example of this is: Androids, Gadgets, fast cars, guns. However, they will challenge this with traditional objects like Journals, as a way of making it seem more personal to them.

·         Vampire genre institutions need to use technological references as a way to keep up to date with their younger targeted audience. By seeing these Gadgets with their favourite stars, will not only evoke star appeal but also aspire them into buying these appliances to be like the actors.

Ownership and control

·         Vampire genres are mainly independent low budget films or subsidiary institutions, so they tend to collaborate with bigger institutions and television networks. This way they have to split profit and divide advertisement up, so they can get the most out of their targeted audiences. This includes moving image advertisements, print advertisements and radio advertisement.

·         Regulation and censorship- As many vampire genres, whether series or films are certified at a 12 or over. Institutions have to make sure that these series are shown during a prime time line-up or any sex references are obliviated during any advertisement.

Theories

·         Semiotics-Links to Levi Strauss’s theory of Binary opposition.

·         The binary opposition of good vs. evil of the characters (e.g. protagonist, antagonist)

·         Binary oppositions of humans vs. mystical creatures and how the humans will always look inferior to these beings.

·         Binary opposition between the vampires past (always has a murky past within the vampire genre) and their modern future (always mostly change for the better e.g. Stephen Salvatore in The vampire diaries.

Gender and representations

·         The representations of the differences between mortal and immortality. The antagonists always seem to be foreign, yet the protagonists always seem to be American (Links to Todorov’s character types).

·         Gender- Mostly seen as white character (linking to Edward Said’s theory of west vs. the west. However, this can be challenged by the fact that throughout the vampire genre, there will be one consistent sidekick who will be Asian or Black. This further links to the idea of prop’s character typing of “The Dumb sidekick”.

·         Dominating representations- Barthes preferred and opposional readings. This can apply to appearance or surroundings. (e.g. Twilight, Wickery Bridge, night time, with the moon up, building up enigma (Barthes), audience can tell something bad is about to happen.

·          

Audience theories

·          

·         Demographics/socio economic model- c1, c2, as targeting a younger audience.

·         Psychographics- survivors- want some direction and to be taken by escapism and Mainstreamers, go with the crowd (links to the vampire genres popularity.

Uses &Gratification – being informed (being kept up to date with the story line, inspired (by the actors/actresses within the story), educated (by the vampire genre), entertained (innuendoic humour)

·         Genre theories

·         Codes and conventions of fantasy and horror- hybrid genres joining to target a larger audience. Fantasy targets a younger audience because its sense of escapism (Blumler &Katz)(main conventions are adventurous settings, mystical creatures. Horror targets an older audience and its main conventions are iconic symbols (props, knives, blood).Whereas, the supernatural drama conventions mainly link to the fantasy genre of the mystical creatures and settings, whilst adding more of an updated storyline.

Media texts
Twilight (2008)

·         The Vampire Diaries (first started 10^th September 2009)

Other media texts

·         Being human

·         Buffy the vampire slayer

·         Vampires suck

·         True blood

·         Dracula 1931
TV documentaries
bbc- why vampires bite

·         Bbc4 the worlds of fantasy

·         Bbc2 magic, murders and monsters

·          

Academic texts/books

(A minimum of five, including author/full title/year, e.g.)

Myth, legends and reality of vampire existence: A study upon the vampires in folk and modern novels. (Author: Emanuli Kryazev 15^th Nov 2010)

Masochistic men and female vampires: A new approach to Rape fantasy: An exploration of Rape fantasy through the female vampires of romantic and Victorian periods. (Author: Burcu Genc 13^th march 2011)

Interdisciplinary Approaches to Twilight: Studies in fiction, media and a contemporary cultural experience. (1 Nov 2011)

Feminity Between fantasy and reality: Escaping to wonderland (Author: Andreea-Maria Sanclean 13 August 2012)

Rating the audience, The Business of media-(Author: Marks Balnaves and Tom O’ Regan 1 Nov 2011)

Approaches to audiences: Bloomsbury Academic 1998

Touched by a vampire Beth Felker jones

Internet Links

1. At least FIVE from Media Guardian or Guardian Culture or another newspaper website.

Death, sex and vampires.

 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/03/opinion/sunday/abraham-lincoln-vampire-hunter.html?n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fV%2fVampires

I know Twilight is awful, but…

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2011/nov/24/twilight-breaking-dawn-teenage-girls

In the beginning, there was fan fiction: from the four gospels to Fifty Shades

http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/aug/13/fan-fiction-fifty-shades-grey

Horror: a genre doomed to literary hell?

http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/booksblog/2012/nov/07/horror-genre-literary-hell

The Vampire Diaries: what gives a good vampire drama bites?

http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2010/feb/02/vampire-diaries-drama-bite

Classic movie monsters vs. modern movie monsters.

http://screenrant.com/classic-movie-monsters-vs-modern-movie-monsters-pauly-29627/all/1/

2. At least FIVE from university websites/academic papers online. The best place to start is MCS.

http://www.aber.ac.uk/education/Undgrad/Modsae/Ed31220diss/Rachelindex.html

Introduction to early modern horror

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/art-history/about_us/academic_staff/dr_maria_loh/early_modern_horror_intro

Women vampires

http://www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/women-and-death/abstracts/barkhoff.html

Introduction to early modern day horror-Oxford journals

http://oaj.oxfordjournals.org/content/34/3/321.extract

Unconditionally and irrevocably

http://www.academia.edu/1243382/_Unconditionally_and_Irrevocably_Theorizing_the_Melodramatic_Impulse_in_Young_Adult_Literature_through_the_Twilight_Saga_and_Jane_Eyre._

Essay on the essential conflict in fantasy novels

http://www.essayempire.com/customessay/literature-research-paper-topics/fantasy-fiction/2803.html

Fantasy fiction

http://www.essayempire.com/customessay/literature-research-paper-topics/fantasy-fiction/2802.html